Qualitative and quantitative analysis of aristolochic acid components in nine Chinese medicinal materials containing toxic aristolochic substances / 药学学报

The objective of this work was to explore the content and composition of aristolochic acid compounds in Chinese medicinal materials containing toxic aristolochic chemicals, so as to ensure the safety of these medicinal materials and their related products. Nine Chinese medicinal materials were selected for study, including the tuber of Aristolochia cinnabarina, the herbs of Asarum forbesii, the stems of Aristolochia manshuriensis., the fruits of Aristolochia debilis, the roots of Aristolochia debilis, the stems and leaf of Aristolochia debilis, the herbs of Aristolochia mollissima, the roots of Aristolochia fangchi, and the roots of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum. The aristolochic acid components in the nine Chinese medicinal materials were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with high performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection. The separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.2% acetic acid. ESI positive ion mode MS was used to investigate the ionization pathways of aristolochic acid Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲa, Ⅳa, Ⅶa, and aristololactam Ⅰ, Ⅱ using seven reference standards, and the structures of the components with UV spectrasimilar to those of the seven reference standards in the selected medicinal materials were qualitatively analyzed by following the investigated ionization pathways. The identified aristolochic acid components were quantified using an external standard method by HPLC-UV with detection at 254 nm. Twenty-two aristolochic acid components including 11 aristolochic acids and 11 aristololactams were identified from the nine selected medicinal materials; 15 aristolochic acids were found in the tuber of Aristolochia cinnabarina and the roots of Aristolochia debilis, followed by 14 aristolochic acids in the fruits of Aristolochia debilis and the stems of Aristolochia manshuriensis. The greatest content of aristolochia components was found in the tuber of Aristolochia cinnabarina and the stems of Aristolochia manshuriensis, ranging from 8.91 mg·g-1 to 13.40 mg·g-1, and the least amount was in the herbs of Asarum forbesii, at less than 0.10 mg·g-1 and containing only two aristolochia components. This study systematically explored the quantity and composition of aristolochic acid components in selected Chinese medicinal materials believed to contain toxic aristolochic compounds, providing a basis for follow-up studies on the toxicity of these substances that can lead to safety standards for their use.

Promotion of Analgecine on Polarization of M1 Microglia to M2 and Inhibition on Secretion of Inflammatory Factors in Vitro / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of analgecine (AGC) on inflammatory response in the cell model of ischemic stroke and its mechanism. Methods:Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O2) combined with sugar-free culture-medium was used to stimulate the model of ischemic stroke in vitro. BV2 cells were divided into six groups: control group, control with 0.5 U/ml AGC group, oxygen deprivation and recovery (OGD/R) group, OGD/R with AGC (0.25 U/ml, 0.5 U/ml, 1 U/ml) groups. After oxygen and glucose deprivation for 1.5 hours, they were changed to normal medium and given different concentrations of AGC in OGD/R with AGC groups. After co-incubation for three hours, the cells were treated. The content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant was detected. The expression of M1-type microglia marker CD16+CD32 and M2-type microglia marker CD206 were detected with immunofluorescent staining. BV2 cells were divided into seven groups: control group, control with 0.5 U/ml AGC group, IL-4 group, IL-4 + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon (IFN)-γ group, IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ with AGC (0.25 U/ml, 0.5 U/ml, 1 U/ml) groups. After 24 hours of IL-4 treatment, LPS + IFN-γ were added for 18 hours, they were changed to normal medium and given different concentrations of AGC for 24 hours, the expression of CD16+CD32 and CD206 were observed by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with the control group, the IL-6 and TNF-α level increased (P < 0.01), the number of CD16++CD32+ increased and the number of CD206+ decreased in OGD/R group. Compared with the OGD/R group, the IL-6 and TNF-α level decreased (P < 0.01), the number of CD16++CD32+ decreased and the number of CD206+ increased in AGC groups. Compared with the control group, the number of CD206 tended to increase, and the number of CD16+CD32 tended to decrease in IL-4 group; compared with IL-4 group, the number of CD16+CD32 tended to increase, and the number of CD206 tended to decrease in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ group; compared with IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ group, the number of CD16+CD32 tended to decrease, and the number of CD206 tended to increase in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 0.25 U/ml AGC group and IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 0.5 U/ml AGC group, while the number of CD206 increased in IL-4 + LPS + IFN-γ + 1.0 U/ml AGC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:AGC could inhibit the secretion of inflammation factors by promoting the polarization of microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype.

Effect of Individualized Moderate-intensity Exercise Prescription on Cardiopulmonary Function for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To analyze the cardiopulmonary function of stable patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and to explore effects of the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)-based individualized moderate-intensity exercise prescription on cardiopulmonary functional reserve and exercise capacity in patients with PAH. Methods:From April, 2018 to July, 2019, 31 stable patients with PAH (PAH group) and 32 healthy counterparts (normal group) were enrolled. All subjects underwent CPET. PAH group was assessed with 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), and then was divided into exercise group (n = 16) and control group (n = 15). Both groups were treated with ordinary targeted drugs, while the exercise group was additionally provided with an individualized moderate-intensity exercise prescription of △50% power treadmill training, five days a week for eight weeks. CPET and 6MWT were conducted again after intervention. Results:Before intervention, body mass, body mass index (BMI), force vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak systolic blood pressure (SBPpeak), peak load power (WRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak oxygen pulse (VO2/HRpeak), peak cardiac output (COpeak), peak minute ventilation (VEpeak), peak end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2peak), peak pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2peak) and oxygen uptake efficiency plateau (OUEP) were significantly lower (t > 2.419, P < 0.05), and the rest heart rate (HRrest), peak dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VTpeak), minimum ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (Lowest VE/VCO2) and slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2 slope) were higher (|t| > 2.615, P < 0.05) in PAH group than in the normal group. After intervention, FEV1, MVV, VO2peak (ml/min/kg) and VO2/HRpeak decreased in the control group (t > 2.272, P < 0.05); FVC, FEV1, MVV, AT, SBPpeak, WRpeak, VO2peak, VO2/HRpeak, COpeak, VEpeak, PETCO2peak, SpO2peak and 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) increased (|t| > 2.167, P < 0.05), while the average Lowest VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slope decreased (t > 2.264, P < 0.05) in the exercise group. Compared with the control group, the FEV1/FVC, AT, WRpeak, VO2peak, VO2/HRpeak, COpeak and 6MWD increased in the exercise group (|t| > 2.168, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The holistic cardiopulmonary function of stable patients with PAH decreases. CPET-based individualized moderate-intensity exercise could enhance the cardiopulmonary functional reserve and exercise capacity of patients with PAH.

Effects of Analgecine on Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effects of Analgecine (AGC) on middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. Methods:A total of 61 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n = 11), sham-AGC group (n = 11), model group (n = 20) and model-AGC group (n = 19). The model group and the model-AGC group were occluded the middle cerebral arteries for 1.5 hours and reperfused (2 rats in each group unsuccessful). The sham-AGC group and the model-AGC group were injected AGC 20 U/kg through tail-vein, while the sham group and the model group were injected saline of same volume. Four rats in each group were tested heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), Bcl-2 and Bax in brain with Western blotting 48 hours after injection. The other rats were assessed with Prehensile Traction Test seven days after injection, and then, four of each group were detected ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression with immunohistochemistry. Results:The prehensile time increased in the model-AGC group compared with that of the model group (P < 0.01), with the increase of HSP70 and Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) and decrease of Iba1 and GFAP expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion:AGC may promote the recovery of motor function in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may associate with inhibiting cell apoptosis and neruoinflammatory response.

Terpenoids from Stems and Leaves of Aphanamixis grandifolia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Aphanamixis grandifolia，a perennial herb of genus Aphanamixis （Meliaceae），has effects in soothing activating collaterals，dredging paisy，expelling wind-evil and removing wetness. This paper aimed to investigate terpenoids from the stems and leaves of A. grandifolia and reveal the effective substances. Method:Totally 22 kg leaves and twigs of A. grandifolia were extracted with 90% EtOH for three times by heating reflux. These extracts were decompressed and concentrated，and then dissolved in water. The solvent was successively extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The chemical constituents from petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were isolated by macroporous，silica gel，Sephadex LH-20 and ODS columns，and their chemical structures were determined through MS，NMR analysis（1H and 13C-NMR）and spectroscopic data from literatures，respectively. Result:Twelve compounds were obtained and identified as 16α-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-methyllanosta-7，9（11），24（31）-triene-21-oic acid （1），23（E）-cycloart-en-25-ethoxy-3-ol（2），23（Z）-9，19-cycloart-ene-3β，25-diol（3），23（E）-cycloart-en-3β，25-diol（4），labda-8，13-（E）-dien-15-ol（5），labda-7，13-（E）-dien-15-ol（6），vulgarol（7），（S，E）-6-[6-（5，5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4，5-dihydrofuran-3-yl]-2-methylhepta-1，6-dien-1-yl]-4-methyl-5，6-dihydro-2H-pyran-one（8），nemoralisin（9），nemoralisin C（10），1S，4R，5S，6R，7S，10S-1（5），6（7）-diepoxy-4-guaiol（11） and 1S，4S，5S，10R-4，10-guaianediol（12），respectively. Conclusion:The structures involves triterpenoids，diterpenoids and sesquiterpennoids，and eight of them （1-3，5-8 and 12） are obtained from A. grandifolia for the first time. Those compounds are also isolated from the geneus Aphanamixis for the first time.

Comparison on local dengue fever outbreaks in public place in Shenzhen and Hong Kong in 2018 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To compare epidemiology characteristics and control measures of dengue fever (DF) outbreaks in public places in Shenzhen and Hong Kong and integrate the advantages for better response to DF outbreaks. Methods Data of DF cases and mosquito vector surveillance in Shenzhen and Hong Kong were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis and measures of mosquito control were compared. Results A total of 19DF cases were recorded in 13 d among six districts of Hong Kong, the male: female ratio was 1 ∶〗0.9. In Shenzhen, 20 cases were recorded in 33 d, the cases were distributed in three sub-districts, the Male: female ratio was 1 ∶〗0.82; Age difference between Shenzhen and Hong Kong was statistically significant (Z=-2.855, P=0.004). The time interval between date of onset and laboratory confirmation ranging from 5.5 to 8.5 d (median:7d) in Hong Kong, and ranged from 1.5 to 5.4 d (median:2 d) in Shenzhen, the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.818, P<0.001). On the 4th day of the outbreak, Hong Kong declared 30 d closure for anti-mosquito operations with a range of 500 m, and monthly area ovitrap index (AOI) was used to monitor the territory-wide situation of Aedes albopictus. On the 2nd day of the outbreak, Shenzhen declared source closure for mosquito control with a range of 400 m and emergency vector surveillance was conducted, using Breteau Index (BI) and Human-baited double net trap(HDN) every 3 d. Conclusions The nature, scale, time and place of the two local DF outbreaks in Shenzhen and Hong Kong are similar. The prevention and control system is more sensitive and prompt, the ability of early detection is stronger, mosquito vector surveillance program is more comprehensive and the frequency is higher in Shenzhen. The epidemic information dissemination and risk communication with media is more active, mosquito management and control is more professional in Hong Kong.

Acupuncture combined with granule for nerve-root type cervical spondylosis and its effects on IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β and hemorheological indexes / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with granule for nerve-root type cervical spondylosis and its effects on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and hemorheological indexes.@*METHODS@#A total of 114 patients with nerve-root type cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 57 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were treated with traction. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of granule, 4 g each time, 3 times a day, while based on the treatment of control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at Dazhui (GV 14), Tianzhu (BL 10), Houxi (SI 3), cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4) and Waiguan (TE 5), once a day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The simplified McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), neck disability index (NDI), numbness score, levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β in serum and hemorheological indexes were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate was 91.2% (52/57) in the observation group, which was higher than 71.9% (41/57) in the control group (<0.05). Compared before treatment, the scores of MPQ, NDI and numbness in the two groups were reduced after treatment (<0.05). After treatment, the scores of MPQ, NDI and numbness in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the two groups were reduced (<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (<0.05). After treatment, the plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, low shear rate of whole blood viscosity and high shear rate of whole blood viscosity in the two groups were lower than before treatment (<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with granule have significant clinical efficacy for nerve-root type cervical spondylosis, which could reduce the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β and improve hemorheology.

Effect of mechanical environment on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells at fracture site during early stage of fracture healing and research of related mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the influence of mechani-cal environment on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) at fracture site during early stage of frac-ture healing. Methods The rat femur fracture models were established and fixed with external fixation frame of different stiffness coefficient and were divided into three groups, namely, the sham group with super-high stiffness external fixation frame, the high stiffness fixa-tion frame group and the low stiffness fixation frame group. The bone callus and the degree of fracture heal-ing after two weeks compared with the very day after surgery were observed by X-ray. And the effects were evaluated respectively by histopathology 6 weeks after operation. Callus tissues of 2 days, 6 days, 10 days, 14 days after operation were acquired. Runx2, Osterix and Sox9 expression were measured by RT-qPCR. Runx2 and Sox9 were tested by Western blot. Results X-ray showed that the amount of callus of high stiff-ness group was significantly less than that of low stiff-ness group. Histological study showed, sham group and high stiffness group achieved less callus and had lots of active bone cells while low stiffness group got cartilage ossification well. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the level of Runx2 , Osterix increased with-in 14 days. And Sox9 reached the highest level in sham group and high stiffness group 10 days after sur-gery and declined in 14 days while low stiffness group had been rising within 14 days after surgery. The ex-pression levels of Runx2 , OSX and Sox9 in 14 days af-ter operation presented statistically significant differ-ence among the three groups at the same time point, i. e. low stiffness group > high stiffness group > the sham group ( P <0.05 ) . The results of Western blot were consistent with those of RT-qPCR. Conclusion The differentiation of MSCs at fracture site is affected by the mechanical environment, and subtle movement could promote the healing of fracture sites.

Observations on the Efficacy of Electrothermal Acupuncture plus Joint Mobilization in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of electrothermal acupuncture plus joint mobilization in treating knee osteoarthritis.Methods One hundred patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized to treatment and control groups, 50 cases each. The control group received Maitland's technique and the treatment group, electrothermal acupuncture in addition. The Osteoarthritis Index score was recorded and cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) contents were measured in the two groups before and after four weeks of treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results The total efficacy rate was 91.5％ in the treatment group and 80.0％ in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the WOMAC score and cytokines in the two groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the WOMAC score and cytokines between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Electrothermal acupuncture plus joint mobilization is an effective way to treat knee osteoarthritis.

Diterpenes from stem bark of Euphorbia neriifolia / 中草药

Objective To investigate the diterpenes from the stem bark of Euphorbia neriifolia L. and their anti-HIV-1 activity. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, MCI CHP-20P, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by the analysis of their physicochemical properties and the spectral data of NMR and MS. The anti-HIV-1 activity of the compounds was tested by cell detection models established by HIV-1 NL4-3 infected MT-4 cells. Results Nine compounds were isolated from the stem bark of the plant, namely 12α-acetoxy- 3β,7α-dihydroxy-8α-methoxyingol (1), 3β,8α,12α-triacetoxy-7α-benzoyloxyingol (2), 3β,8α,12α-triacetoxy-7α-tigloyloxyingol (3), ent-3-oxoatis-16α,17-acetonide (4), 13β-hydroxy-3,15-dioxoatis-16-ene (5), ent-3β,(13S)-dihydroxyatis-16-en-14-one (6), atis-16- en-14-oxo-3β,13(S)-diol (7), ent-(13S),18-dihydroxyatis-16-ene-3,14-dione (8), 4,13β-dihydroxy-14-oxo-3,4-secoatis-16-en-3-oic acid methyl ester (9). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new natural product. Compounds 2-4, and 6-8 are isolated from the plant for the first time. Furthermore, compound 4 exhibited moderate anti-HIV-1 activities, with EC50 values of 8.7 μg/mL (SI = 1.92).

Effect of preoperative triamcinolone acetonide with 25G minimally invasive vitreous retinal surgery for patients with PDR / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of preoperative injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)with 25G minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery(VRS)in treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and the prognosis of patients. <p>METHODS: A total of 108 patients(108 eyes)with PDR to be treated by VRS were randomly divided into two groups. Fifty-four patients, treated with intravitreal injection of TA at 1wk before surgery were included into the VRS+TA group, and 54 cases directly treated by VRS were included into the VRS group. The surgical effect, uncorrected visual acuity(at 3mo after surgery), the best corrected visual acuity, the intraocular pressure(before surgery and at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery)and complications were observed. <p>RESULTS: The surgical time, electrocoagulation rate, rate of iatrogenic hole and bleeding rate during surgery were significantly shorter or lower in VRS+TA group than in VRS group(<i>P</i><0.05)while the intraocular filler showed no significant difference between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). At 3mo after surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity and the best corrected visual acuity were improved significantly(<i>P</i><0.05)while there was no significant difference between groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). At 1 and 3mo after surgery, the intraocular pressure of VRS+TA group was significantly higher than that before surgery(<i>P</i><0.05)while there were no significant differences between groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). The rate of anterior chamber exudation was significantly lower in VRS+TA group than in VRS group(<i>P</i><0.05)while there was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The application of intravitreal injection of TA in patients with PDR at 1wk before surgery can reduce the difficulty of surgery, shorten the surgical time and reduce complications, which is beneficial to the improvement of visual acuity after surgery.

Efficacy and safety observation after implantation of TICL in the treatment of high myopia with astigmatism / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To study the efficacy and safety of Toric implantable contact lens (TICL) implantation in the treatment of patients with high myopia and astigmatism.METHODS: Totally 90 patients (178 eyes) diagnosed as this disease were selected in our hospital during September 2012 to September 2016 by the method of random.The UCVA, BCVA, refraction, astigmatism coefficient, corneal endothelial cell, intraocular pressure, manifest refraction examination were accessed and compared before and after 3 and 9mo of surgery.RESULTS: After 3 and 9mo of the surgery, the UCVA and BCVA were much higher than those before treatment, which the difference was statistically significant (P0.05).The corneal endothelial cells at 3 and 9mo after operation were compared with those of before treatment, and we found that the differences were statistically significant (P0.05).CONCLUSION: TICL implantation in the treatment of patients with high myopia and myopic astigmatism has a more obvious clinical efficacy and safety and reliability.

Immunomodulation and liver protection of Yinchenhao decoction against concanavalin A-induced chronic liver injury in mice / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated the immunoregulatory and protective roles of Yinchenhao decoction, a compound of Chinese herbal medicine, in a mouse model of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced chronic liver injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female BalB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control, ConA model, ConA model treated with Yinchenhao decoction (400 mg/kg, orally), and ConA model treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, orally). All treatments were given once a day for 28 d. Except of the normal control, mice received tail vein injection of ConA (10 mg/kg) on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, at 1 h after treatment with Yinchenhao decoction or dexamethasone or saline to induce chronic liver injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Repeated ConA injection induced chronic liver injury, which was evidenced by inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis, increased serum alanine aminotranferease activities, decreased albumin levels, and an imbalanced expression of immunoregulatory genes in the liver tissues including significantly enhanced interferon-γ, interleukin-4, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and cluster of differentiation 163 mRNA levels, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Treatment with Yinchenhao decoction significantly reversed the ConA-induced changes in immunoregulatory gene expression in the liver tissues, reduced serum alanine aminotranferease activity, enhanced serum albumin level, and attenuated the extent of liver inflammation and necrosis. Furthermore, Yinchenhao decoction did not result in hepatocyte degeneration and spleen weight loss that were observed in mice received long-term treatment with dexamethasone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yinchenhao decoction treatment protected liver against the ConA-induced chronic liver damage and improved liver function, which were associated with the modulation of gene expression related to immune/inflammatory response.</p>

Electroacupuncture for post-stroke urinary incontinence: a multi-center randomized controlled study / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA) for apoplectic urinary incontinence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and four cases of apoplectic urinary incontinence were randomized into an EA group (136 cases) and an indwelling catheter group (68 cases). The EA was applied at Qugu (CV 2), Zhongji (CV 3), Shuidao (ST 28), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4), etc. in the EA group,5 times a week. Indwelling catheter was applied in the indwelling catheter group at intervals of 2-4 hours, and periodic bladder irrigation along with bladder rehabilitation training were also given. The efficacies were evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment. Before and after treatment, the urination diary (including the interval of urination, nocturia frequency, urination difficulty, urinary incontinence severity), bladder capacity, patients' satisfaction of the two groups were observed and the efficacy was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 96.2% (125/130) in the EA group, which was apparently superior to 87.5% (56/64) in the indwelling catheter group (P < 0.05); except for nocturia frequency in the indwelling catheter group, the total score and the subitem score in the urination diary were all improved significantly after treatment in both groups (all P < 0.001), which were more obvious in the EA group (P < 0.001, P < 0.05); the patients' satisfaction and bladder capacity were all improved significantly after treatment in both groups (all P < 0.001), which were more obvious in the EA group (both P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EA has an obvious effect for apoplectic urinary incontinence in urinary incontinence alleviation and bladder capacity increase, which has better efficacy than indwelling catheter therapy.</p>

Effect of shenshuning recipe on the extracellular matrix accumulation of the peritoneal fibrosis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Shenshuning Recipe (SR) on the peritoneal function, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the peritoneal fibrosis rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The peritoneal fibrosis correlating peritoneal dialysis SD rat model was induced by injecting erythromycin and peritoneal dialysate. They were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight, i.e., the 1.50% peritoneal dialysate group (Group B), the 1.50% peritoneal dialysate + SR group (Group C), the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate group (Group D), and the 4.25% peritoneal dialysate +SR group (Group E), 15 in each group. Besides, another 15 rats was taken as the blank control group (n = 15, Group A). SR at the daily dose of 43.93 g/kg was given to rats in Group C and E by gastrogavage, while equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in other groups by gastrogavage. The changes of glucose in the peritoneal fluid were detected. The ultra filtration volume (UF)and mass transfer of glucose (MTG) were calculated. The pathomorphological changes of the peritoneum were observed. The distribution of collagen fiber, fibroblast count, collagen I (Col I), expressions of TIMP-1 and TGF-beta1 were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of the 6th week, statistical difference was shown in UF [(-3.3 +/- 14.2) mL] and [(-2.0 +/- 10.7) mL], MTG [(18.1 +/- 0.8) mmol/kg] and [(16.1 +/- 1.2) mmol/kg], collagen fiber [(4 721.3 +/- 541.0)%] and [(6502.7 +/- 877.4)%], fibroblast [(0.087 +/- 0.010)/mm2] and [(0.131 +/- 0.042)/mm2], Col I [(187.5 +/- 36.9)%] and [(289.7 +/- 95.6)%], TIMP-1 [(2.57 +/- 0.94)%] and [(3.63 +/- 0.29)%], and TGF-beta1 [(104.0 +/- 20.7) ng/L] and [(108.2 +/- 17.5) ng/L] between Group C and Group E, when compared with the peritoneal dialysate group at the same concentration (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SR could postpone the development of peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis SD rats possibly through inhibiting expressions of TGF-beta1 and TIMP-1, and hindering the over-accumulation of ECM.</p>

Cloning and functional research of Arp2/3-P40/ARPC1 subunit of Sf9 cells / 病毒学报

The baculovirus-induced actin polymerization is mainly associated with the virus nucleocapsid protein P78/83, which is homologous with WASP proteins that can activate Arp2/3 complex and induce the actin polymerization. In order to explore the role of Arp2/3 complex in the baculovirus replication, the P40 subunit of Arp2/3 complex from Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda 9) cell line was cloned and characterized. Immunofluorescent microscopy assay indicated that P40 was recruited to the inner-side of nuclear membrane during virus infection, which was in accordance with nuclear F-actin distribution in virus-infected cells as documented in our previous research, suggesting P40 could be used to track Arp2/3 complex subcellular distribution changes during virus infection. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that P40 interacted with P78/83 only in virus-infected cells, suggesting that actin polymerization induced by P78/83-Arp2/3 complex during baculovirus infection was regulated by some unidentified virus factors.

Heterologous expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 / 生物工程学报

The possibility of heterologous expression of human Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (scd1) was investigated. The scd1 encoding sequence was inserted into the pNZ8149 to generate the pNZ8149-scd1 expression plasmids. Then we introduced the pNZ8149-scd1 construct into the Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 to investigate its enzyme activity. The results show that heterologous expressed SCD1 enzyme resulted in a 92%-169% increase in the C16:1n-7 and a 53-127% increase in the C18:1n-7 (P<0.05). The SCD1 enzyme was capable of producing n-7 fatty acids in Lactococcus lactis efficiently. It also suggests that the fatty acid desaturases can be heterologous expressed in Lactococcus lactis to produce the helpful fatty acids.

Suppression of Aurora-A by RNA interference inhibits laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cell growth / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of knockdown of Aurora-A by RNA interference on laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cell growth in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A plasmid containing siRNA against Aurora-A was constructed and transfected into human laryngeal cancer cell line Hep-2. Measurements included the CCK-8 assay for viability and proliferation, Transwell assay for invasion, colony formation assay for cell anchorage-independent growth. Western blot and immunohistochemistry assay for protein expression. Tumorigenicity was observed in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Hep-2 cells transfected by Aurora-A siRNA (designated as siRNA-3), protein expression of Aurora-A was suppressed by 52%. In CCK-8 assay, absorbance value of siRNA-3 cells (3.268 ± 0.106, (x(-) ± s)) was lower than that of Hep-2 cells (3.722 ± 0.152, F = 17.634, P < 0.001). In Transwell assay, the average invasive cells per field in siRNA-3 cells (110.0 ± 18.0) was less than that in Hep-2 cells (236.0 ± 26.0, F = 26.462, P < 0.01). In colony formation assay, the average colony number of siRNA-3 cells (31.0 ± 6.6) was lower than that of Hep-2 cells (104.0 ± 14.0). The average tumor size in siRNA-3 group was (127.77 ± 174.83) mm(3), which was less than Hep-2 cell group (837.26 ± 101.80) mm(3), (F = 28.187, P < 0.001). Silencing of Aurora-A decreased the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), key regulators in cell adhesion and invasion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The knockdown of Aurora-A inhibits the growth and invasiveness of Hep-2 cells in vitro and in vivo, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for LSCC.</p>

Association of susceptibility to chronic rhinosinusitis with genetic polymorphisms of IL-4 and IL-10 / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the promoter polymorphism of IL-4 and IL-6 and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-three patients with CRS and 239 healthy controls in Shanghai region were chosen in this study. The genotype of IL-4 gene -33T>C and -590C>T were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and the genotype of IL-10 gene -1082A>G was determined using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Statistical calculations were performed using SAS 8.2 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences were found in genotype distribution of -33T>C and -590C>T between the CRS group and the control group (χ2=6.6013, P=0.0102, χ2=6.6013, P=0.0304), and -33T>C remained significant following application of the Bonferroni correction (P<0.025). The relative risks of CRS with -33T>C and -590C>T were 1.818(P=0.0236, 95%CI 1.084-3.050) and 1.838 (P=0.0147, 95%CI 1.127-2.997). There was linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the -33T>C and -590C>T. The coefficient of linkage disequilibrium (D') was 0.77 and the related coefficient (r2) was 0.54. The -33T/-590T haplotype was associated with CRS and the relative risk was 1.653 (P=0.0130, 95%CI 1.107-2.469). There were only two genotypes of IL-10 gene-1082A>G and the frequencies of the AA and AG genotypes were not different between the CRS and control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The promoter polymorphism of IL-4 -33T>C and -590C>T were associated with the susceptibility of CRS and the -33T/-590T haplotype was a risk factor for CRS, but there were no association between the -1082A>G and CRS.</p>

Effects of Shensu II Recipe on the expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Shensu II Recipe on the renal function, mesangial extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, the expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1, (TGF-beta1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>FSGS SD rat model was induced by injecting adriamycin. They were randomly divided into the model group, the Western medicine group, and the Chinese medicine group according to body weight. Besides, another 12 rats was taken as the blank control group. Of them, benazepril (0.33 mg/100 g) was given to rats in the Western medicine group by gastrogavage, while Shensu II Recipe (3.5 g/100 g) was given to rats in the Chinese medicine group by gastrogavage. Normal saline was given to rats in the control group and the model group by gastrogavage. Six rats died during the experiment process, among which, one in the control group, two in the model group, one in the Western medicine group, and two in the Chinese medicine group. The changes of 24 h urinary protein (24 hU, pyrogallol red method), blood urea nitrogen (BUN, urease method), serum creatinine (SCr, enzymatic assay of creatinine), serum total protein (TP, biuret colorimetry), serum albumin (ALB, bromocresol green colormetry) were detected. The pathomorphological changes of the glomerulus were observed. Fibronection (FN), collagen IV (Col IV), glomerulus sclerosis index (GSI), ECM/glomerulus area (GA), expressions of TGF-beta1, and PAI-1 were determined by semi-quantitative analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of the 12th week, improvement was shown in the Chinese medicine group (24 hU: 38.55 +/- 2.49 mg; BUN:10.87 +/- 1.78 mmol/L; SCr: 51.70 +/- 1.50 micromol/L; TP: 68.28 +/- 2.31 g/L; and ALB: 42.43 +/- 1.95 g/L). The pathomorphological observation showed that the development of glomerulosclerosis (GS) was significantly slowed down. Semi-quantitative analysis showed significant difference when compared with the model group (GSI: 1.68 +/- 0.33 grade; ECM/GA: 7.11% +/- 2.46%; FN: 4.15% +/- 1.55%; Col IV:1.47% +/- 0.48%; TGF-beta1:19.70% +/- 5.05%; PAI-1: 22.57% +/- 10.65%) ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shensu II Recipe could postpone the development of GS in FSGS rats possibly through inhibiting the expressions of TGF-beta1 and PAI-1, hindering the over-accumulation of mesangial matrix.</p>